ANATOMY of HUMAN

Skeleton - Prints - Anatimation Technologies - Anatomy in Motion

The Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle is the sequence of events in one heartbeat.

In its simplest form, the cardiac cycle is the simultaneous contraction of the two atria, followed a fraction of a second later by the simultaneous contraction of the two ventricles. Systole is another term for contraction. The term for relaxation is diastole.

You are probably familiar with these terms as they apply to blood pressure readings. If we apply them to the cardiac cycle, we can say that atrial systole is followed by ventricular systole. There is, however, a significant difference between the movement of blood from the atria to the ventricles and the movement of blood from the ventricles to the arteries.

Followings are links to further understand the subject matter.

bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/content/chp49/49020.html

library.med.utah.edu/kw/pharm/hyper_heart1.html

anatimation.com/cardiac/intro.html

www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/seeleyap/student/olc2/ap_animation-quizzes.html

Good Day
Regards,
Mukesh Patel

hit counter

Fabulous illustrative animations in Anatomy Physiology.

Dear Readers,

A charming & warming Good morning to everybody.

Please find very nice animations to understand concepts of Human Anatomy & physiology with special reference to medical science.

You are requested to follow this link of University of Pennsylvania - Medical Animation Library. The link is as follows: www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/animationplayer/

Happy Reading; Learn with Fun.

Thanks & Best Regards,

Mukesh Patel

Well begining is half complete

Hi Friends,

This is Mukesh Patel.

Today 22th of December I have started my Blog on Human Anatomy & Physiology.

All of you are requested to be in touch & post comments

Best Regards,

Mukesh Patel

46 - Spinal tract Pathways

45 - Lymph nodes of Neck

*The lymph nodes of the neck can be divided into six levels within the defined anatomic triangles. These groups and the areas that they drain are particularly important when locating and working up a "neck mass" or possible malignancy. The groups and drainage areas are as follows:

I--Submental and submandibular nodes
II--Upper jugulodigastric group
III--Middle

44 - Coronary sinus

*The coronary sinus is a collection of veins joined together to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium of the heart.
*It is present in humans and other animals.
*The coronary sinus opens into the auricle, between the inferior vena cava and the auriculo-ventricular opening.
*It returns the blood from the substance of the heart, and is protected by a

43 - Adductor canal (Subsartorial/Hunter's canal)

*The adductor canal (Subsartorial/Hunter’s canal) is an aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the opening in the Adductor magnus, the Adductor hiatus.

*It courses between the anterior compartment of thigh and the medial compartment of thigh, and has the following boundaries:

1. anterolaterally - the Vastus

42 - Uterine artery

*The uterine artery arises from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery(hypogastric artery) .
*Its course is at first downwards and forwards until it reaches the parametrium when it turns medially towards the uterus.
*It reaches the uterus at the level of the internal os, where it turns upwards, at right angles, and follows a spiral course along the lateral border of the

41 - Venous sinuses of Brain

40 - Pelvic diaphragm

The pelvic floor or pelvic diaphragm is composed of muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus(ishciococcygeus), and associated connective tissue which span the area underneath the pelvis. The pelvic diaphragm is a muscular partition formed by the levatores ani and coccygei, with which may be included the parietal pelvic fascia on their upper and lower aspects. The pelvic floor separates

39 - Urogenital diaphragm

Most of the support of the perineum is provided by the pelvic and urogenital diaphragms.

The urogenital diaphragm is external to the pelvic diaphragm and includes the triangular area between the ischial tuberosities and the symphysis. The urogenital diaphragm is made up of the deep transverse perineal muscles, the constrictor of the urethra, and the internal and external fascial coverings (

38 - Perineal body

The perineal body (or central tendon of perineum) is a pyramidal fibromuscular mass in the middle line of the perineum at the junction between the urogenital triangle and the anal triangle . It is found in both males and females. In males, it is found between the bulb of penis and the anus; in females, is found between the vagina and anus, and about 1.25 cm in front of the latter.

The perineal

37 - Muscles of Perineum/Urogenital region

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF PERINEUM :
1. Superficial Transverse perinei
2. Bulbospongiosus (Bulbocavernosus in older textbooks)
3. Ischiocavernosus

DEEP MUSCLES OF PERINEUM :
1. Deep Transverse Perinei
2. Sphincter urethrae

37 - Skull Foramina

1. Anterior Palatine Foramen
2. Palatine Process of Maxilla
3. Palatine
4. Greater Palatine Foramen
5. Lesser Palatine Foramen
6. Pterygoid Processes of Sphenoid
7. Zygomatic Process
8. Squamous Part of Temporal Bone
9. Mandibular Fossa
10. Styloid Process
11. Stylomastoid Foramen
12. Mastoid Process
13. Mastoid Foramen
14. Superior Nuchal Line
15. External Occipital

36 - Musculocutaneous nerve

PATH OF THE NERVE :

The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus, opposite the lower border of the Pectoralis minor, its fibers being derived from C5, C6, C7.

It penetrates the Coracobrachialis muscle and passes obliquely between the Biceps brachii and the Brachialis, to the lateral side of the arm; a little above the elbow it pierces the deep fascia lateral

35 - Renal corpuscle ( Glomerulus ) Microscopic anatomy

A – Renal corpuscle
B – Proximal tubule
C – Distal convoluted tubule
D – Juxtaglomerular apparatus
1. Basement membrane (Basal lamina)
2. Bowman's capsule – parietal layer
3. Bowman's capsule – visceral layer
3a. Pedicels (podocytes)
3b. Podocyte

4. Bowman's space (urinary space)
5a. Mesangium – Intraglomerular cell
5b. Mesangium – Extraglomerular cell
6. Granular cells (Juxtaglomerular cells)

33 - Nerve supply of the Tongue

Motor supply :

All the intrinsic muscles, except the palatoglossus are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. the palatoglossus is supplied by the cranial part of accessory nerve through the pharyngeal plexus .

Sensory supply :

Anterior 2/3rd of the tongue - lingual nerve is the nerve of general sensation and the chordatympani is the nerve of taste for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue .

32 - Hemivertebrae

*First read this question that appeared in the May 2006 AIIMS Medical Postgraduation Entrance Examination .

Q: Lumbar hemivertebra results due to the abnormal development of ?

a. dorsal sclerotome
b. intermediate cell mass
c. notochord
d. ventral sclerotome

answer d. ventral sclerotome

Now after you have seen the answer, u have to know what hemivertebra actually means .

The congenital

31 - Facial nerve subdivisions and functions

Subdivisions and Functions of the Facial Nerve.

Facial Nerve Subdivision Function

Branchial motor Muscles of facial expression
Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
Stapedius muscle
Visceral motor Salivation—lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual
Nasal mucosa or mucous membrane
General sensory Sensory to auricular concha
External auditory

30 - PGI Chandigarh December 2002 Anatomy Mcqs with answers

1q: which of the following are draining channels of cavernous sinus ?
a. inferior petrosal sinus
b. inferior ophthalmic vein
c. sphenoparietal sinus
d. middle cerebral vein
e. superior ophthalmic vein

answer a , e . inferior petrosal sinus drains into internal jugular vein and superior ophthalmic vein drains into facial vein

2q: Recurrent laryngeal nerve has the following course in

29 - AIIMS November 2004 anatomy mcqs with answers

1q: a posteriorly perforating ulcer in the pyloric antrum of the stomach is likely to produce initial localized peritonitis or abscess formation in the ?

a. greater sac
b. left subhepatic and hepatorenal spaces ( pouch of Morrison )
c. omental bursa
d. right subphrenic space

answer c . omental bursa

2q: knowledge of the segmental cutaneous innervation of the skin of the lower extremity is

28 - AIIMS November 2005 anatomy mcqs with answers

1q: all of the following statements about the splenic artery are true except that it ?

a. has a tortuous course
b. is a branch of coeliac trunk
c. has branches that anastomose freely within spleen
d. supplies the greater curvature of stomach

answer c . has branches that anastomose freely within spleen is a wrong statement because within the spleen it divides repeatedly to form successfully

27 - flexor retinaculum mcqs

1q: a 16 years old girl failed in her final examination. Disgusted with life, she cut across the front of the wrist at the flexor retinaculum, she was rushed to hospital . the surgeon noticed that cut was superficial . all the following structures would have been damaged except ?a. ulnar nerveb. median nervec. palmar cutaneous branch of median nerved. superficial branch of radial artery answer

26 - ulnar nerve anatomy part 2

MUSCULAR BRANCHES AND INNERVATION : the ulnar nerve and its branches innervate the following muscles in the forearm and hand: An articular branch that passes to the elbow joint while the ulnar nerve is passing between the olecranon and medial epicondyle of the humerus. In the forearm, via the muscular branches of ulnar nerve: 1. Flexor carpi ulnaris 2. Flexor digitorum profundus (medial

25 - ulnar nerve anatomy part 1

INTRODUCTION: In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve which runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar nerve is the largest unprotected nerve in the human body (meaning, unprotected by muscle or bone), and the only unprotected nerve that does not serve a purely sensory function (those nerves specifically meant to perceive changes in the environment, such as nerves in the skin). This nerve is