20 - thoracic duct

The thoracic duct This main lymphatic duct conveys all the lymph from the lower limbs, pelvis, abdomen, left side of the thorax and head and neck and left upper limb to the venous system; that is, all but the right superior quadrant of the body. It drains the cisterna chyli, which is an elongated sac that lies on the right side of the bodies of the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae below the

19 - breast - lymphatic drainage

The lymphatic and venous drainages of the breast are of great importance in the spread of carcinoma.
About three quarters of the lymphatic drainage is to the axillary nodes: (1) Lymphatics pass around the edge of the pectoralis major and reach the pectoral group of axillary nodes; (2) routes through or between the pectoral muscles may lead directly to the apical nodes of the axilla; (3)

18 - adamkiewicz's artery

In human anatomy, the Artery of Adamkiewicz is the largest anterior segmental medullary artery. It has several other names, including Adamkiewicz artery, major anterior segmental medullary artery, artery of the lumbar enlargement,great radicular artery of Adamkiewicz,great anterior radiculomedullary artery and great anterior segmental medullary artery. It typically arises from a left posterior

17 - diploic veins and diploic bones

Recently a question was asked in the DNB june 2008 exam about the diploic bones , which was like this : q. which of the following is a diploic bone ? a.zygomatic b.ethmoid c. maxilla d. frontal answer : d . frontal bone. The diploic veins are found in the skull, and drain the diploic space. This is found in the bones of the vault of the skull, and is the marrow-containing area of

16 - Intrinsic Muscles of Larynx

1q : What are the abductors of the vocal cords ?

answer : posterior cricoarytenoids.

2q: What are the adductors of the vocal cords ?

answer : Lateral cricoarytenoids,transverse arytenoid(Inter-arytenoid),cricothyroids,thyroarytenoids (external part)

3q: What are the tensors of the vocal cords ?

answer : cricothyroids and Vocalis (Thyro-arytenoid's internal part).

4q: what are the relaxers

15 - plantar flexion and dorsiflexion - muscles

you ought to have an idea about the principal and accesory muscles which cause plantar flexion and dorsiflexion , both for the sake of knowledge and post graduation entrance purposes . lets go into it.The principal or main muscles which are responsible for plantar flexion are :1. gastrocnemius2. soleusThe prinicipal or main muscles which are responsible for dorsiflexion are :1. tibialis anterior(

14 - superficial and deep perineal muscles

several questions are asked in this topic, so u gotta be thorough with them. recently a question was asked in the DNB CET june 2008 related to this topic and the question was as follows ;question : which of the following is not a superficial perineal muscle ?a. superficial transverse perineib. ischiocavernousc. bulbospongiosusd. sphincter urethraeanswer : d . sphincter urethrae .so lets study the